Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif Bahasa Inggris)

Table of Contents

1. Pengertian Passive Voice

    Passive Voice adalah bentuk kalimat di mana subjek menerima tindakan, bukan melakukan tindakan. Pada kalimat pasif fokus pembicaraan berpindah dari pelaku (subject aktif) ke hasil atau objek tindakan. Agar supaya lebih jelas; silakan perhatikan perbandingan berikut :

Active:

    The teacher explains the lesson.

Passive:

    The lesson is explained by the teacher.

2. Rumus Dasar Passive Voice

    Secara umum, passive voice dibentuk dengan pola:

    Subject + to be (sesuai tense) + Verb 3 (Past Participle)

    Kata kerja utama selalu berbentuk Verb 3, sedangkan to be berubah mengikuti tense.

3. Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tense

a. Simple Present Passive

    Digunakan untuk kebiasaan, fakta umum, kondisi yang selalu benar atau kejadian yang sering terjadi.

Rumus:

    S + am / is / are + V3

Contoh:

• The room is cleaned every day.
• English is spoken in many countries.
• Rice is grown in many Asian countries
• English is taught at this school
• The door is locked at night
• Emails are checked every hour
• This product is made in Indonesia
• The rules are explained clearly
• Breakfast is served at 7 a.m.

b. Simple Past Passive

    Digunakan untuk kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lalu.

Rumus:

    S + was / were + V3

Contoh:

• The letter was sent yesterday.
• The match was canceled suddenly
• The window was broken last night
• The meeting was postponed due to rain
• The song was writen in 2010
• The thief was arrested by the police
• The house was built fifty years ago
• The problem was solved quickly

c. Simple Future Passive

    Digunakan untuk kejadian yang akan terjadi.

Rumus:

    S + will be + V3

Contoh:

• The project will be completed next week.
• The announcement will be made tomorrow.
• The exam will be held on Monday
• The guests will be welcomed warmly
• The package will be delivered soon
• The building will be renovated next year

4. Passive Continuous

    Passive continuous digunakan ketika aksi sedang berlangsung, tetapi subjek tetap menerima tindakan.

a. Present Continuous Passive

Rumus:

    S + am / is / are + being + V3

Contoh:

• The house is being painted now.
• The problem is being discussed by the team.
• The road is being repaired at the moment
• The report is being prepared by the staff
• New rules are being implemented this week
• The menu is being changed today

b. Past Continuous Passive

Rumus:

    S + was / were + being + V3

Contoh:

• The road was being repaired when the accident happened.
• The house was being cleaned while the guests arrived
• The documents were being checked at that time
• The suspect was being questioned by the police

* Kata 'being' wajib ada dalam passive continuous.

5. Passive Perfect

    Passive perfect digunakan untuk menekankan bahwa suatu tindakan sudah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu.

a. Present Perfect Passive

Rumus:

    S + have / has + been + V3

Contoh:

• The work has been finished.
• The documents have been signed.
• The files have been deleted
• The room has been cleaned
• The tickets have been sold out
• The schedule has been changed
• All mistakes have been corrected

b. Past Perfect Passive

Rumus:

    S + had + been + V3

Contoh:

• The room had been cleaned before the guests arrived.
• The problem had been solved when he came
• The letter had been sent earlier
• The decision had been made already

* Kata been selalu muncul dalam bentuk perfect passive.

6. Passive Voice dengan Modal Auxiliary

    Passive voice juga dapat digunakan bersama modal verbs seperti can, could, may, might, must, should, will.

Rumus:

    Modal + be + V3

Contoh:

• The problem can be solved easily.
• This rule must be followed.
• The homework should be submitted today.
• The meeting may be postponed
• The law must be obeyed
• The form can be downloaded online
• The report should be checked carefully

7. Penggunaan “by” dalam Passive Voice

    Kata by digunakan untuk menyebutkan pelaku tindakan (agent).

• The novel was written by him.
• The song was sung by the singer
• The building was designed by an architect

    Namun, By + agent sering dihilangkan jika dirasa :

• Pelaku tidak penting atau tidak diketahui
• Pelaku sudah jelas
• Fokus pada hasil, bukan pelaku

8. Catatan Penting

• Tidak semua kalimat aktif bisa dipasifkan (kata kerja intransitive seperti arrive, sleep, die tidak memiliki objek).
• Passive voice lebih sering digunakan dalam:
• Tulisan akademik
• Berita
• Laporan formal
• Kesalahan umum yang harus dihindari :
• The room is clean by her (Salah)
• The room is cleaned by her (Benar)
• The project is finished yesterday (Salah)
• The project was finished yesterday (Benar)

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