Past Tense - Fungsi, Rumus dan Pembagiannya

Table of Contents

Simple Past

• Menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lalu
• Waktunya jelas (Yesterday, last week, in 2010 dan semacamnya)
• Untuk rangkaian kejadian di masa lalu

Pernyataan Positif

S + V2 + O [Verbal]

S + Was/were + Complement [Nominal]

• I was tired yesterday (Saya lelah kemarin)
• She was happy last night (Dia bahagia tadi malam)
• They were at the park yesterday (Mereka berada di taman kemarin)
• I visited my grandmother yesterday
• They played football last sunday
• They visited Japan last year
• I bought a new phone yesterday
• She was tired after work
• They were in the library

Pernyataan Negatif

S + did not + V1 + Complement [Verbal]

S + was/were + not + Complement [Nominal]

• I wasn't tired yesterday
• She wasn't happy last night
• They weren't at the park yesterday
• They did not visit Japan last year
• I did not buy a new phone yesterday
• She was not tired after work
• They were not in the library

Pertanyaan Positif

Did + S + V1 + Complement + ? [Verbal]

Was/Were + S + Complement + ? [Nominal]

• Did you visit your grandmother yesterday? (Apakah kamu mengunjungi nenekmu kemarin?)
• Did they play football last sunday? (Apakah mereka main sepak bola minggu lalu?)
• Did she go home? (Apakah dia pulang)
• Was she happy?
• Did they visit Japan last year?
• Did you see her at school?
• Was she tired?
• Were they ready?

Pertanyaan Negatif

Did + not + S + V1 + Complement + ? [Verbal]

Was/Were + S + not + Complement + ? [Nominal]

• Did she not go home?
• Was she not happy?
• Did they not visit Japan?
• Did you not finish the assignment?
• Was she not tired?
• Were they not at home?

Past Continuous

• Menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu
• Menjadi latar belakang ketika kejadian lain (Simple Past) terjadi
• Untuk 2 peristiwa yang terjadi bersamaan di masa lalu

* Past Continuous hampir selalu verbal, bentuk Nominal jarang dipakai. Tapi bisa jika pakai 'being'

Pernyataan Positif

S + was/were + V-ing [Verbal]

S + was/were + being + Adj/Noun [Nominal]

• He was studying when I called
• They were cooking dinner at 7 PM
• He was being helpful
• She was being rude yesterday
• He was being very patient
• They were talking while talking
• She was cooking when I arrived
• I was studying at 8 PM last night

Pernyataan Negatif

S + was/were + not + V-ing [Verbal]

S + was/were + not + being + Adj/Noun [Nominal]

• He was not studying
• he was not being helpful
• They were not cooking dinner at 7 PM
• She was not being rude yesterday
• He was not being patient

Pertanyaan Positif

Was/Were + S + V-ing ? [Verbal]

Was/Were + S + being + Adj/Noun ? [Nominal]

• Was he studying at that time?
• Was he being helpful?
• Were they playing football?
• Was she being rude?
• Were they being rude?

Pertanyaan Negatif

Was/Were + S + not + V-ing ? [Verbal]

Was/Were + S + not + being + Adj/Noun ? [Nominal]

• Was he not studying?
• Was he not being helfpul?
• Were they not working yesterday evening?
• Was she not being rude?
• Was they not being rude?

Past Perfect

• Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi lebih dulu sebelum kejadian lain di masa lampau
• Digunakan untuk menegaskan urutan waktu (mana duluan)
• Dipakai dalam cerita untuk menunjukkan Flashback

Pernyataan Positif

S + had + V3 [Verbal]

S + had + been + Adj/Noun/Adverb [Nominal]

• She had finished her work before noon
• She had been tired
• They had left when I arrived
• He had been very quiet all day
• They had been friends for years
• She had left when I arrived
• I had finished my homework before he came

Pernyataan Negatif

S + had not + V3 [Verbal]

S + had not + been + Adj/Noun/Adverb [Nominal]

• She had not finished her work before noon
• She had not been tired
• They had not left when I arrived
• He had not been very quiet all day
• They had not been friends for long

Pertanyaan Positif

Had + S + V3 ? [Verbal]

Had + S + been + Adj/Noun/Adverb ? [Nominal]

• Had she finished her work?
• Had she been tired? (Apakah dia lelah?)
• Had they eaten before the meeting?
• Had he been sick?
• Had they been at the office?

Pertanyaan Negatif

Had + S + not + V3 ? [Verbal]

Had + S + not + been + Adj/Noun/Adverb ? [Nominal]

• Had she not finished her homework?
• Had she not been tired? (Apakah dia tidak lelah?)
• Had they not prepared everything?
• Had he not been sick?
• Had they not been ready?

Past Perfect Continuous

• Menjelaskan kejadian yang sudah berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian lain di masa lampau
• Menekankan durasi atau lamanya aktivitas

* Umumnya tidak ada bentuk Nominal, tapi bisa pakai 'being'

Pernyataan Positif

S + had + been + V-ing [Verbal]

S + had + been + being + Adj/Noun [Nominal sangat jarang digunakan dan dihindari]

• They had been working
• She had been waiting for the bus since morning
• He had been studying for three hours before the test
• He had been being careless for weeks
• She had been being dramatic
• I had been studying for 2 hours when she called
• They had been waiting for 30 minutes before the bus arrived

Pernyataan Negatif

S + had not + been + V-ing [Verbal]

• They had not been working
• She had not been studying long when I came
• He had not been waiting very long

Pertanyaan Positif

Had + S + been + V-ing ? [Verbal]

• Had they been working on the project?
• Had she been crying?

Pertanyaan Negatif

Had + S + not + been + V-ing ? [Verbal]

• Had they not been working?
• Had she not been crying?

Practice Test

• Rumus simple past
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan positif
• Pertanyaan negatif
• Rumus past continuous
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan positif
• Pertanyaan negatif
• Rumus past perfect
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan positif
• Pertanyaan negatif
• Rumus past perfect continuous
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan positif
• Pertanyaan negatif

1. Which sentence is in the Simple Past Tense?

• I am studying English.
• I studied English yesterday.
• I have studied English.
• I will study English.

2. The correct form of the verb is:

"She _____ to school last Monday."

• go
• goes
• went
• gone

3. Which sentence shows an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past?

• They played football yesterday.
• They were playing football at 4 p.m.
• They have played football.
• They will play football.

4. The correct Past Continuous sentence is:

• I was watch TV.
• I were watching TV.
• I was watching TV.
• I watching TV.

5. Which sentence is in the Past Perfect Tense?

• She had finished her homework before dinner.
• She finishes her homework.
• She was finishing her homework.
• She will finish her homework.

6. Complete the sentence:

"By the time I arrived, they _____ the meeting."

• finish
• finished
• had finished
• have finished

7. Which sentence is in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

• They had been working for three hours before lunch.
• They worked for three hours.
• They were working for three hours.
• They have worked for three hours.

8. The correct negative form is:

"We _____ the movie last night."

• did not watched
• did not watch
• do not watch
• not watch

9. Which time signal is commonly used with Simple Past Tense?

• tomorrow
• next week
• yesterday
• now

10. What is the main function of Past Perfect Tense?

• To describe future plans
• To describe an action happening now
• To describe an action completed before another action in the past
• To describe habits in the present

Kunci Jawaban

1. I studied English everyday
2. Went
3. They were playing football at 4 p.m.
4. I was watching TV
5. She had finished her homework before dinner
6. had finished
7. They had been working for 3 hours before lunch
8. did not watch
9. Yesterday
10. To describe an action completed before another action in the past

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