Paham Lebih Dalam Tentang Present Tense

Table of Contents

Simple Present

    Simple Present Tense dipakai untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang rutin dikerjakan dan rutinitas yang akan datang. Umumnya keterangan waktu yang dipakai seperti Always (Selalu), Everyday (Setiap hari), Often (Sering), Seldom (Jarang), Usually (Biasanya), Once a week (Seminggu sekali), Once a month (Sebulan sekali) dan semacamnya.

    Sederet fungsi dari Simple Present :

1. Menyatakan kebiasaan atau rutinitas
2. Menyatakan fakta umum atau kebenaran ilmiah untuk hal yang selalu benar (Tidak tergantung waktu)
3. Menyatakan perasaan, pikiran atau keadaan (Biasanya pakai love, like, know, understand, believe, need, want dan semacamnya)
4. Menyatakan jadwal resmi atau rencana tetap transportasi, acara atau kegiatan yang sudah pasti waktunya
5. Menyatakan instruksi, perintah atau petunjuk

    Bentuk formula Simple Present Tense adalah sebagaimana berikut;

- Pernyataan Positif

S + V1 (s/es) + O [Verbal]

S + am/is/are + Complement [Nominal]

• We Speak English
• I eat breakfast every morning
• She drinks coffee every day
• They study English every day
• The trains leaves at 7 a.m.
• He works at a hospital
• She studies English every day
• I am a teacher
• I love my family
• Firs, add a sugar
• Then, mix the ingredients
• Press the button to start
• You are kind
• It is cold today
• We are ready
• They are students

- Pernyataan Negatif

S + Do / Does + not + V1 + O [Verbal]

S + am/is/are + not + Complement [Nominal]

• We do not speak English
• I do not (don't) eat breakfast every morning
• She does not (doesn't) drink coffee every day
• I am not a teacher
• You aren't kind
• It isn't cold today
• We aren't ready
  
• They aren't students

- Pertanyaan Positif

Do / Does + S + V1 + O? [Verbal]

Am/Is/Are + S + Complement? [Nominal]

• Do we speak English?
• Who speaks English?
• Do you eat breakfast every morning?
• Does she drink coffee every day?
• Am I a teacher?
• Are you kind?
• Is it cold today?
• Are we ready?
• Are they students?

- Pertanyaan Negatif

Do/Does + not + S + V1 + O? [Verbal]

Wh-word + do/does + not + V1 + O? [Verbal dengan 5W1H]

Am/Is/Are + not + S + Complement + ? [Nominal]

• Don't you eat breakfast every morning?
• Doesn't she drink coffee every day?
• Who does not speak English?
• What do they not eat? (Apa yang tidak mereka makan?)
• Where does he not go? (Kemana dia tidak pergi?)
• Am I not a teacher? / Aren't I a teacher?
• Aren't you kind?
• Isn't it cold today?
• Aren't we ready?
• Aren't they students? (Bukankah mereka murid?)

* Khusus konteks ini subjek I bisa menggunakan :

• 'am' sesuai standar grammar yang formal - Am I not a teacher?
• 'are' sebagai gaya idiom informal / percakapan sehari-hari agar terdengar natural - Aren't I a teacher?

Present Continuous

    Dipakai untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang tengah dilakukan dan masih dalam proses. Umumnya disandingkan dengan keterangan waktu seperti Now (Sekarang), at the moment dan seterusnya.

    Sebagian fungsi dari Present Continuous yaitu :

1. Menyatakan kegiatan yang berlangsung di saat itu juga (Biasanya diikuti right now, now, at the moment, currently, today dan semacamnya)
2. Menunjukkan kegiatan yang berlangsung sementara waktu, meski tidak harus tepat saat bicara 
3. Merencanakan wacana di masa depan yang sudah dijadwalkan pasti (Biasanya diikuti dengan tomorrow, next week dan semacamnya
4. Menunjukkan sesuatu yang berubah atau berkembang dari waktu ke waktu
5. Menampakkan ekspresi kejengkelan atas kebiasaan yang menyebalkan atau menjengkelkan

    Rumus pola susunannya sebagaimana berikut;

- Pernyataan Positif (Positive Statement)

S + am/is/are + Verb-ing

• I am studying English
• She is cooking dinner at the moment
• I am living in Jakarta for a few months
• The weather is getting colder (Cuacanya semakin dingin)
• More people are using electric cars ({Semakin} banyak orang menggunakan mobil listrik
• He is working at a cafe this summer
• We are meeting our teacher tomorrow (Kita akan bertemu dengan guru kami besok)
• She is flying to Singapore next week
• They are playing football
• He is always forgetting the keys! (Dia selalu lupa membawa kunci!)
• You are constantly talking during the class (Kamu terus saja bicara selama pelajaran berlangsung)

- Pernyataan Negatif (Negative Statement)

S + am/is/are + not + Verb-ing

• I am not studying English
• She is not cooking dinner
• They are not playing football

- Pertanyaan Positif (Positif Question)

Am/Is/Are + S + Verb-ing + ?

• Am I Studying English?
• Is she cooking dinner?
• Are they playing football?

- Pertanyaan Negatif (Negatif Question)

Am/Is/Are + S + not + Verb-ing + ?

• Am I not studying English?
• Isn't she cooking dinner?
• Aren't they playing football?

* Present Continuous tidak ada mode Nominalnya; hanya kalimat Verbal saja

Present Perfect

    Dipakai untuk suatu pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau namun tidak jelas keterangan waktunya dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Beberapa faidah yang lain :

1. Menyatakan pengalaman tanpa menyebutkan waktu spesifik
2. Menyatakan hasil dari suatu tindakan di masa lampau dan hasilnya masih terasa sampai sekarang (Fokus ke hasilnya)
3. Menyatakan tindakan yang baru saja selesai dilakukan, biasanya diikuti 'Just'
4. Menyatakan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga saat ini, umumnya disertai kata 'Since' atau 'For'
5. Menyatakan tindakan yang terjadi berulang kali hingga sekarang

    Pola kalimatnya terangkai sebagaimana berikut;

- Positive Statement

S + have/has + V3 (Past Participle) [Verbal]

S + have/has been + Adj/Noun/Place [Nominal]

• I have been very busy lately
• I have visited Japan (Saya pernah ke Jepang)
• I have finished my homework
• She has been a teacher for 10 years (Sudah 10 tahun dia menjadi seorang guru)
• He has worked at that company since 2020
• He has visited Bali twice
• I have lost my key (Aku kehilangan kunciku {Sampai sekarang masih hilang})
• We have met several times
• She has watched that movie many times
• We have begun the program

- Negative Statement

S + have/has + not + V3 [Verbal]

S + have/has not been + Adj/Noun/Place [Nominal]

• I haven't been very busy lately
• She hasn't been a teacher for long
• I haven't been finished my homework (Saya belum menyelesaikan PR saya)
• He hasn't visited Bali before
• We have not begun the program 

- Positive Question

Have/Has + S + V3 + ? [Verbal]

Have/Has + S + been + Adj/Noun/Place + ? [Nominal]

• Have you been busy lately?
• Has she been a teacher for 10 years?
• Have you finished your homework? (Apakah kamu sudah menyelesaikan PR-mu?)
• Has he visited Bali before?
• Have we begun the program?

- Negative Question

Have/Has + not + S + V3 + ? [Verbal]

Have/Has + not + S + been + Adj/Noun/Place + ? [Nominal]

• Haven't you been busy lately? (Apakah kamu belum sibuk hari-hari ini?)
• Hasn't she been a teacher for long?
• Haven't you finished your homework? (Apakah kamu belum menyelesaikan PR-mu?)
• Hasn't he visited Bali before?
• Have not we begun the program?

Present Perfect Continuous

    Tense yang selanjutnya ini dipakai untuk kegiatan atau aktivitas yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau dan masih berlanjut hingga masa sekarang. Umumnya Tense ini dikombinasikan dengan keterangan waktu seperti Since (Sejak), All morning (Sepanjang pagi), For (Selama) dan semacamnya.

    Sebagian faidahnya yaitu :

1. Menunjukkan kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan menekankan lama waktu (durasi) kegiatan tersebut berlangsung hingga kini (Fokus ke proses dan durasinya)
2. Memberitahukan aktivitas yang baru berhenti, tapi dampaknya masih terasa hingga saat ini
3. Menunjukkan kegiatan yang dilakukan berulang kali sampai sekarang, sudah beberapa kali terjadi dan mungkin akan terus berlanjut
4. Menjelaskan mengapa suatu kejadian terjadi sekarang

    Pola susunan kalimatnya;

- Positive Statement

S + have/has + been + V-ing + Complement

• He has been accompanying her
• She has been crying, her eyes are red
• I've been running, and now I'm tired
• I have been studying English for 2 hours (Masih belajar sampai sekarang)
• She has been working at the company since 2020
• They have been waiting for you all day
• You look tired, you have been working too hard (Kamu tampak lelah, kamu sudah bekerja terlalu keras)
• The ground is wet, it has been raining (Tanahnya basah, hujan baru saja turun)
• They have been arguing a lot lately (Akhir-akhir ini mereka sering bertengkar)
• He has been calling me every day this week (Dia menelepon saya setiap hari minggu ini)

- Negative Statement

S + have/has + not + been + V-ing + Complement

• He has not been accompanying her
• I haven't been sleeping well lately
• She hasn't been feeling good since yesterday
• We haven't been talking for weeks

- Positive Question

Have/Has + S + been + V-ing + Complement + ?

• Has he been accompanying her?
• Have you been studying English?
• Has she been working hard lately?
• Have they been waiting for a long time?

- Negative Question

(Dipakai untuk menunjukkan keheranan, penekanan atau dugaan)

Have not/Has not + S + been + V-ing + Complement + ?

• Hasn't he been accompanying her?
• Haven't you been studying for the test? (Bukankah kamu sudah belajar untuk ujian?)
• Hasn't she been working here for years?
• Haven't they been waiting for us?

Exercise Questions

• Rumus simple present
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan postif
• Pertanyaan negatif
• Rumus present continuous
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan positif
• Pertanyaan negatif
• Rumus present perfect
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan positif
• Pertanyaan negatif
• Rumus present perfect continuous
• Pernyataan positif
• Pernyataan negatif
• Pertanyaan positif
• Pertanyaan negatif

1. She ___ English every day.

• study
• studies
• is studying
• has studied

2. They ___ coffee in the morning.

• don't drink
• doesn't drink
• aren't drinking
• haven't drunk

3. Look! The baby ___ now.

• cries
• cried
• is crying
• has cried

4. We ___ TV at the moment.

• don't watch
• aren't watching
• haven't watched
• doesn't watch

5. I ___ my homework already.

• do
• am doing
• have done
• did

6. She ___ her lunch yet.

• hasn't finished
• doesn't finish
• isn't finishing
• didn't finish

7. They ___ for three hours.

• have been working
• work
• are working
• have worked

8. He ___ since this morning.

• hasn't been sleeping
• doesn't sleep
• isn't sleeping
• hasn't slept

9. My father usually ___ to work by motorcycle.

• goes
• is going
• has gone
• has been going

10. We ___ for the bus for twenty minutes.

• wait
• are waiting
• have waited
• have been waiting

Kunci Jawaban

1. studies
2. don't drink
3. is crying
4. aren't watching
5. have done
6. hasn't finished
7. have been working
8. hasn't been sleeping
9. goes
10. have been waiting

Sekian dan Semoga bermanfaat 🌟